Effectiveness of kaleidoscope on pain and behavioural responses among children during intravenous cannulation- An open-label randomised controlled study.

Authors

Anju K S, Govt. College of Nursing, AlappuzhaFollow
Swapna K. Gopalan, School of Public Health- KUHS, ThiruvananthapuramFollow
Namitha P, School of Public Health, Kerala University of Health SciencesFollow

Designation

Name(s) and designation

Name(s) of Institution/Organization

Anju K S, MSc Nursing (Paediatric Nursing)

Govt. College of Nursing, Alappuzha

Swapna K Gopalan, MSc Nursing (Paediatric Nursing), PhD (Pediatric Nursing), MPhil (Clinical Epidemiology), Associate Professor

Govt. College of Nursing, Alappuzha, School of Public Health-KUHS, Thiruvananthapuram

Namitha P, MSc Nursing (Paediatric Nursing), Full-time Research Fellow

School of Public Health- KUHS, Thiruvananthapuram

Abstract

Abstract

Introduction

Children experience significant pain and distress during paediatric procedures, especially during intravenous (IV) cannulation. Several non-pharmacological interventions are in use for this purpose. Many distraction techniques are suggested.

Methods

A randomised controlled trial was conducted among 60 children in the age group of 4-12 years undergoing first IV cannulation after admission to evaluate the effectiveness of kaleidoscope compared to standard treatment on pain and behaviour response. Through block randomisation, 30 children were allocated to each group. Standard tools were used to assess pain and behaviour response.

Results

Total 102 children were admitted to the paediatric ward during the study period and 42 were excluded due to various reasons. Sixty children underwent randomisation to two groups, 35 each in one group. All were analysed for the outcome. The median (IQR) pain score in the experimental group was 0 (0) and in the control group was 8 (4) and the difference was statistically significant. The median (IQR) behaviour response score in the experimental group was 0 (1) and control group was 5 (3) which also was statistically different. The control group had 80% excess risk for moderate to severe pain than the experimental group and there was a relative risk reduction of 75% by kaleidoscope. The calculated number needed to treat (NNT) was 1.25. The control group had 60% excess risk for moderate to severe behaviour distress and kaleidoscope could effectively reduce the relative risk by 69%. The NNT was 1.67.

Conclusion

Kaleidoscope is effective in reducing pain and behaviour response among children during IV cannulation.

Key words

Kaleidoscope, IV cannulations, Pain, Children, Wong Baker faces pain rating scale, FLACC scale

Recommended Citation

K S, Anju; Gopalan, Swapna K.; and P, Namitha (2023) "Effectiveness of kaleidoscope on pain and behavioural responses among children during intravenous cannulation- An open-label randomised controlled study.," Manipal Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences: Vol. 9: Iss. 2, .
DOI:
Available at: https://impressions.manipal.edu/mjnhs/vol9/iss2/5