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Manipal Journal of Medical Sciences

Abstract

Background: Since 2003 perinatal mortality rate of Malaysia is in range of 7.5 -8.5/1000. But higher deaths rates were observed in Jasin District from 2014-2017, hence this study was conducted to find out the prevalence and causes of perinatal mortality and suggest the steps to prevent it. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in Jasin district health office. Registered cases for delivery and birth records covering the period of 2014-2017 were checked. Total births (including stillbirths) were 8092. The files of stillbirths and early neonatal deaths were segregated, and data entered in excel sheet. Statistical Analysis: Processing and analysis was done using Epi-Info statistical tools. Results: Total births recorded at home and hospital both government and private were 8092 and perinatal deaths were 107 giving average perinatal mortality rate of 13.26 per 1000 births with a peak of 19.74 /1000 births in 2016. The early neonatal deaths were 45 (42.45%) and stillbirths 61 (57.55%). Cumulative analysis showed high perinatal mortality amongst Indian ethnic group (21.6/1000) followed by Malay (13.73/1000). Adolescent pregnancy had PMR of 36/1000 births. Higher mortality was seen in male (55.14%) than female babies (43%). Low birth weight and Prematurity were associated with perinatal deaths (p<0.05). Higher perinatal deaths were observed in low socio-economic status. Main causes of neonatal deaths were immaturity, congenital malformation, hypoxia, and infection. However, asphyxia followed by lethal congenital malformation in fresh stillbirths. Conclusion: Congenital malformations, prematurity with low birth weight were the major causes of Early neonatal deaths and normally formed macerated stillbirths constituted 40.56% of total perinatal deaths.

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