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Manipal Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences

Abstract

Introduction: The most frequent endocrine malignancy seen in adults is thyroid cancer. The incidence of thyroid cancers are increasing all over the world. It is one of the cancers in women diagnosed at a younger age. The objective of the study was to identify reproductive risk factors of thyroid cancer among females. Material and methods: The research design used was a hospital-based-case-control study. The samples were 86 cases and 172 controls recruited from the surgical outpatient department of Medical college hospital, Thiruvananthapuram. Cases were patients who had undergone thyroidectomy and histopathological examination confirmed of thyroid cancer and controls were patients who had undergone thyroidectomy and histopathological examination confirmed of no thyroid cancer. An interview technique was used to assess socio-demographic factors and reproductive risk factors related to thyroid cancer. Socio-demographic variables were analyzed using frequency and percentage. The Pearson Chi-square test was used to find out the association between thyroid cancer and selected risk factors. The effect of different exposure variables on the outcome was assessed by logistic regression analysis. Results: Among the total of 258 females, 86 were cases and 172 were controls based on 1:2 for cases and controls. Regarding age, 51% of the samples were less than 40 years. The history of abortion and the achievement of menopause were identified as the risk factors for thyroid cancer. Conclusion: Reproductive risk factors like the history of abortion and the achievement of menopause were identified as significant risk factors of thyroid cancer. Age at menarche, menstrual irregularities, and duration of breastfeeding, number of deliveries, age at first pregnancy, age at last pregnancy and age at menopause were not related to the risk factors of thyroid cancer.

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