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Manipal Journal of Science and Technology

Abstract

Voltage control and reactive power management are two facets that enable the reliability of the transmission network. More reactive power demand causes a voltage drop at the generator terminal. Such reactive power demand may arise from some industries connected to the transmission line. Usually, this reactive power is of an inductive nature which causes the voltage drop. In this regard, automatic voltage regulation (AVR) is an important aspect that is responsible for the continuous adjustment of field excitation to maintain the generator terminal voltage constant. This is done by comparing the terminal voltage with a reference voltage and by changing the excitation voltage accordingly, usually through a PI/PID controller. The generator is normally the synchronous generator and the DC excitation may be through a variable voltage DC generator or an AC supply using a controlled rectifier. Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers are very popular in a wide range of industries for rectifying errors in the output of a control system. These controllers are easy to design, simple to tune while in operation and require less maintenance. The designed AVR system with load disturbances and uncertainty of the model parameters are compared with some methods prevalent in the literature.

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