Genipin-crosslinked, curcumin-loaded, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–egg albumin composite films: Engineering bioactive protein–polymer biomaterials for advanced wound healing

Document Type

Article

Publication Title

Materials and Design

Abstract

Chronic wounds require multifunctional dressings that offer both structural support and bioactivity. This study presents genipin-crosslinked, curcumin-loaded composite films composed of egg albumin and polyvinyl alcohol ( PVA–GP–EA–CUR ) designed to enhance wound healing. The films were extensively characterized for chemical interactions, morphology, mechanical strength, water retention, curcumin release, and cytocompatibility. Genipin crosslinking and curcumin incorporation markedly improved mechanical properties—yielding a tensile strength of 49.86 ± 0.71 MPa and elongation at break of 37.75 %. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirmed a compact polymeric matrix with uniform curcumin dispersion. Release studies showed sustained curcumin delivery (∼70 % in alkaline and ∼ 50 % in neutral pH) via Fickian diffusion, supporting prolonged therapeutic action. In vitro assays using 3 T3 fibroblasts confirmed biocompatibility, with minimal cytotoxicity. In vivo studies in rodents demonstrated significantly accelerated wound closure, supported by histological evidence. Biochemical analysis revealed enhanced collagen deposition, indicated by elevated hydroxyproline levels by day 7. Enzymatic assays showed increased activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, suggesting improved oxidative stress response. These results establish PVA–GP–EA–CUR films as promising wound dressings—offering mechanical reinforcement, sustained drug delivery, and modulation of oxidative and inflammatory responses to promote tissue regeneration.

DOI

10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115181

Publication Date

12-1-2025

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