Design of an iterative method for adaptive federated intrusion detection for energy-constrained edge-centric 6G IoT cyber-physical systems

Document Type

Article

Publication Title

Scientific Reports

Abstract

The increasing proliferation of 6G-enabled Internet of Things (IoT) in the Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) domain has engendered requirements for distributed, intelligent, and energy-efficient Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) operating to the edge. Thus, conventional IDS approaches are largely centralized and ignore some vital constraints of edge-centric CPS, such as limited energy, privacy preservation, and real-time responses to threats. Currently existing federated learning (FL)-based IDS solutions cannot optimize data relevance, model sparsity, or trade-offs for privacy efficiency, resulting in communications overhead and impaired performance under resource constraints. To this end, a Lightweight Federated Intrusion Detection Framework for Edge-Centric 6G IoT CPS is proposed in this paper, incorporating five novel analytical modules to achieve decentralized, adaptive, and resource-aware IDS operations. Foremost, Energy-Adaptive Federated Reinforcement Aggregation (EAFRA) will adjust model updates reasonably depending on local energy so that energy and accuracy can be optimized using reinforcement learning methods. Secondly, Spatio-Temporal Uncertainty-aware Federated Attention Filtering (STUFAF) applies Bayesian uncertainty with contextual metadata in giving priority for the informative updates while reducing false positives. Third, Lightweight Self-Evolving Edge Autoencoder Forest (LSE-EAF) assures low latency and high accuracy detection with minimal resource consumption using a hybrid of anomaly detectors. Fourth, Differentially Private Sparse Cluster Aggregation (DPSCA) does adaptive privacy-preserving sparse updates to contextually clustered nodes to balance privacy and communication costs. Finally, Federated Task-Aware Compression with Cyclical Consistency (FTAC3) compresses models through task-relevant pruning while maintaining functional consistency on the sets across nodes. The empirical evaluations on standard benchmarks for CPS showed energy savings close to 60%, with a 30% drop in false-positive rates and 70% savings in communication overhead, all while maintaining a detection accuracy of over 93% Sets. This framework marks a huge leap forward in secure, intelligent, and autonomous intrusion detection across infrastructures and scenarios pertaining to next-generation 6G IoT CPS.

DOI

10.1038/s41598-025-25293-w

Publication Date

12-1-2025

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