Competitive adsorption studies for removal of phenolic pollutants using Cassia fistula-derived activated carbon

Document Type

Article

Publication Title

Chemical Papers

Abstract

Industrial effluent is a complex aqueous matrix comprising hazardous substances like phenols and toxic organics, often mixed with nutrients, suspended solids and multiple pollutants. Its constituents vary with industry, making it a significant environmental challenge requiring targeted treatment solutions. So, in the present research, competitive adsorption of phenol and 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) onto Cassia fistula-derived activated carbon (CFPAC) was investigated. In case of phenol adsorption, the modified Langmuir isotherm was found to appropriately align with experimental data and achieving R2 greater than 0.95 and least Marquardt's percent standard deviation (MPSD), although certain overestimation was observed in the predicted values. Similarly, in case of 2,4-DCP, the experimental values closely aligned with both modified Langmuir and modified Redlich–Peterson isotherm as reflected by higher R2; however, the estimated values were underestimated. For both pollutants, the adsorption ratio (Rqi) was less than one. Further, the P-factor (Pfi) was exceeding 1 along with positive ΔIEi implies an antagonistic type of interaction between phenol and 2,4-DCP. The binary desorption of pollutant was effective across for four adsorption–desorption cycles demonstrating the consistent performance of CFPAC.

First Page

3613

Last Page

3632

DOI

10.1007/s11696-025-04019-2

Publication Date

6-1-2025

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