Enzymatic Chito-oligosaccharides from Alcaligenes faecalis: A potential therapy for neuroinflammation and associated behavioural changes

Document Type

Article

Publication Title

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Abstract

Neuroinflammation, an immune response triggered by pro-inflammatory mediators, is a major factor contributing to the progression of neurological diseases such as depression, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Reducing the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and modulating the immune response are promising strategies currently being investigated to address the unmet treatment needs for these diseases. A few in-vitro studies have highlighted the neuroprotective effects of chito-oligosaccharides (COS). However, in-vivo effects of enzymatically derived chito-oligosaccharides (E-COS) on brain cytokines and associated behavioural changes have not been reported. Thus, the study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of enzymatically derived chito-oligosaccharides (E-COS) from Alcaligenes faecalis on LPS-induced sickness behaviour in Swiss albino male mice. E-COS production was optimized with a Taguchi L16 orthogonal array, yielding 592.65 mg/L under controlled fermentation conditions (chitin concentration 3 %, inoculum 6%, 160 rpm, 45 °C, 48 hours). E-COS characterised as a trimer had a retention time of 11.141 min in HPLC and an m/z peak of 628.3072 in LC-MS. In behavioural tests, mice pretreated with E-COS (20 mg/kg/day, orally) for 7 days showed improved locomotor activity in the Open Field Test (OFT) and reversal of immobility in the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST), promising better than commercial COS. Biochemically, E-COS lowered TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MDA while increasing GSH levels. These results suggest that E-COS alleviates neuroinflammatory responses and sickness behaviour in mice.

DOI

10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100719

Publication Date

6-1-2025

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