3-vertex friendly index set of graphs

Document Type

Article

Publication Title

Mathematics and Statistics

Abstract

Graph labeling is an assignment of integers to the vertices or the edges, or both, subject to certain conditions. In literature we find several labelings such as graceful, harmonious, binary, friendly, cordial, ternary and many more. A friendly labeling is a binary mapping such that |vf (1) − vf (0)|≤ 1 where vf (1) and vf (0) represents number of vertices labeled by 1 and 0 respectively. For each edge uv assign the label |f(u) − f(v)|, then the function f is cordial labeling of G if |vf (1) − vf (0)|≤ 1 and |ef∗ (1) − ef∗ (0)|≤ 1, where ef∗ (1) and ef∗ (0) are the number of edges labeled 1 and 0 respectively. A friendly index set of a graph is {|ef∗ (1) − ef∗(0)|: f∗ runs over all friendly labeling f of G} and it is denoted by F I(G). A mapping f: V (G) → {0, 1, 2} is called ternary vertex labeling and f(v) represents the vertex label for v. In this article, we extend the concept of ternary vertex labeling to 3-vertex friendly labeling and define 3-vertex friendly index set of graphs. The set F I3v (G) = {|ef∗ (i) − ef∗ (j)|: f∗ runs over all 3 − vertex friendly labeling f for all i, j ∈ {0, 1, 2}} is referred as 3-vertex friendly index set. In order to achieve F I3v (G), number of vertices are partitioned into {V0, V1, V2 } such that ||Vi |−|Vj ||≤ 1 for all i, j = 0, 1, 2 with i ≠ j and label the edge uv by |f(u) −f(v)| where f(u), f(v) ∈ {0, 1, 2}. In this paper, we study the 3-vertex friendly index sets of some standard graphs such as complete graph Kn, path Pn, wheel graph Wn, complete bipartite graph Km,n and cycle with parallel chords P Cn .

First Page

416

Last Page

423

DOI

10.13189/ms.2020.080407

Publication Date

7-1-2020

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